Yiddish is used in a number of Haredi Jewish communities worldwide it is the first language of the home, school, and in many social settings among many Haredi Jews, and is used in most Hasidic yeshivas. Western Yiddish is divided into Southwestern (Swiss–Alsatian–Southern German), Midwestern (Central German), and Northwestern (Netherlandic–Northern German) dialects. Eastern Yiddish differs from Western both by its far greater size and by the extensive inclusion of words of Slavic origin. It includes Southeastern (Ukrainian–Romanian), Mideastern (Polish–Galician–Eastern Hungarian) and Northeastern (Lithuanian–Belarusian) dialects. Eastern Yiddish is far more common today. In the late 19th and into the 20th century, the language was more commonly called "Jewish", especially in non-Jewish contexts, but "Yiddish" is again the most common designation today. The term "Yiddish", short for Yidish Taitsh ("Jewish German"), did not become the most frequently used designation in the literature until the 18th century. "mother tongue"), distinguishing it from לשון־קודש ( loshn koydesh, "holy tongue"), meaning Hebrew and Aramaic. Colloquially, the language is sometimes called מאַמע־לשון ( mame-loshn, lit. The earliest surviving references date from the 12th century and call the language לשון־אַשכּנז ( loshn-ashknaz, "language of Ashkenaz") or טײַטש ( taytsh), a variant of tiutsch, the contemporary name for Middle High German. A 2021 estimate from Rutgers University was that there were 250,000 American speakers, 250,000 Israeli speakers, and 100,000 in the rest of the world (for a total of 600,000). In the 1990s, there were around 1.5–2 million speakers of Yiddish, mostly Hasidic and Haredi Jews. However, the number of Yiddish-speakers is increasing in Hasidic communities. Assimilation following World War II and aliyah (immigration to Israel) further decreased the use of Yiddish among survivors after adapting to Hebrew in Israel. Eighty-five percent of the approximately six million Jews who were murdered in the Holocaust were Yiddish speakers, leading to a massive decline in the use of the language. Prior to World War II, its worldwide peak was 11 million, with the number of speakers in the United States and Canada then totaling 150,000. Yiddish has traditionally been written using the Hebrew alphabet however, there are variations, including the standardized YIVO orthography that employs the Latin alphabet. Most varieties of Yiddish include elements of Slavic languages and the vocabulary contains traces of Romance languages. It originates from 9th century : 2 Central Europe, providing the nascent Ashkenazi community with a vernacular based on High German fused with many elements taken from Hebrew (notably Mishnaic) and to some extent Aramaic. 'Judeo-German') is a West Germanic language historically spoken by Ashkenazi Jews. Without proper rendering support, you may see question marks, boxes, or other symbols instead of Hebrew letters.
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